| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.m- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bed-bug 2 beetle | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êëîï 2 æóê |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kandalaj 1 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qandala 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qandala (Houts., Áóä.) 1, qandala (Qum.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qe|nde|lo| 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gandala 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xandala 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qandryjaq 'cochlea' (Âåðá.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|mtla, xúw|mdúw|la, xúw|mgúw|la ? xúw|ngúw|la 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qantala 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qandala 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qandalaj | face="Times New Roman Star"qandala 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qandag|aj 1, qamaz?aq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qandala 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qandala 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 229, ÝÑÒß 5, 253-254, Ëåêñèêà 183. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)an|-(yr)- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 nose 2 to snuffle 3 beak, snout 4 parched nose (phras.) 5 nose bridge | face="Times New Roman Star"1 íîñ 2 ãíóñàâèòü 3 êëþâ, ìîðäà 4 ïåðåñîõøèé (î íîñå) 5 ïåðåíîñèöà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qan|raq `palate' (MK - ÄÒÑ) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qan|ryq, qa rq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gan|s?yravuq 'nasal cavity', Gon|ursa- 'to reek' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qan|yryq (Tel.) (R II, 82); qon|yr 5 (R II 521), Tel. (Âåðá.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xan|ynaj- 2; xon|uru:, xan|yry: 5 (Ïåê.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xa:j 3, xa:s? 'nasal', qon|zan| 'crook-nosed' | face="Times New Roman Star"xa:j 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qan|yryq 4, qon|ursu- 'to reek' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qan|g|yryq (dial.) 'hard palate' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"The root is no doubt archaic, although not widely attested. On its modern reflexes see VEWT 232, Ëåêñèêà 215-216 (some of the listed forms are < Mong., but certainly not all.), ÝÑÒß 6, 66. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:p | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 sack 2 to surround | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìåøîê 2 îêðóæàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 (MA, IM), qaba- 'to besiege' (Áîð. Áàä.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|p 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1, dial. qaba- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gab | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:p 1, Ga:ba- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xappar 1 (?) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap/b- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, TMN 3, 366-367, EDT 578 (should be separated from *kab!) ÝÑÒß 5, 159, 266-267 (with a partial confusion with another root, probably of Mongolian origin, see under *KAmug), 266-267. Despite Doerfer (ibid.) the resemblance with *Ka:puk 'bark' is only superficial. See also notes to *K(i)amak / *K(i)apak 'forehead, eyebrow/eyelid'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to snatch, take 2 to bite | face="Times New Roman Star"1 áðàòü, õâàòàòü 2 êóñàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (MK, KB) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (AH, IM, Pav. C., Qutb) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|p- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xap- 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xyp- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xap- 1,2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qa'p- 'to grab with one's mouth; bite (of fish)' | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qab- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, EDT 580, ÝÑÒß 5, 264-265, TMN 3, 373-374. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:p | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 caul 2 virgin's hymen 3 scrotum 4 bladder 5 afterbirth | face="Times New Roman Star"1 îáîëî÷êà ïëîäà 2 äåâñòâåííàÿ ïëåâà 3 ìîøîíêà 4 ïóçûðü 5 ïîñëåä |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qap (MK) 1, qapaq (MK) 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qapc?yq 3, 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qabyc?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qapc?yq 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pc?ek 5 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xapc?yq 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 578, 583; ÝÑÒß 5, 266-267 (the root should be probably distinguished from the homonymous *Ka:p 'sack, cover' q. v. sub *k[a:]p`a/). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kaptal | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"side | face="Times New Roman Star"áîê |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal (R - ShS, Vam.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|pto|l | face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gapdal |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xaptal |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal | face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 267-268. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KAk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"dry | face="Times New Roman Star"ñóõîé |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaq (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kak, kah | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq (Sangl., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|q | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gax | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaq | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 223, ÝÑÒß 5, 218-220, EDT 608. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KAk- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to hit, knock, tear | face="Times New Roman Star"áèòü, ñòó÷àòü, ðâàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kak- | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- (Houts., AH, Qutb, MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|q- | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gax- | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-, qaqyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"xax- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kakryj- 'break into small pieces' | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qa'q- | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 223, ÝÑÒß 5, 221-222, Stachowski 135. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 cover (n.) 2 gate, door 3 to close | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðûøêà 2 âîðîòà, äâåðü 3 çàêðûâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qapag|, qapyg| (Orkh., OUygh.) 2, qapg|y (Orkh.) 2, qapaq (OUygh.) 1, qap- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qapug| (MK, KB), qapg|aq (MK) 1, qapug| (MK) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kapak 1, kapy 2, kapa- 3, kap- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qapqaq 1, qapqa 2, qapla- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabag| (Qutb.) 1, qapu (Houts., Pav. C.) 2, qabug| (Qutb.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|pe|qo|q 1, qo|pqe| 2, qo|ple|- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap(q)aq 1, dial. qobug| 2, qapla- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"GapaG 1, Gapy 2, Gapa- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gapaq 1, Gapy 2, dial. Gap- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"xaxpax 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xobú 1, xop(la)- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"xappax 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kappakta:- 'to cover' | face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qapqaq 1, qapqa 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1, qapy 2, qaqpa 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qapaq 1, qapy 2, qap(l)a- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qapqa 2, qapla- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1, qapy 2, qaqpa 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qa:vu 2 (ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"qapu 2, qabaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 203, TMN 3, 369, ÝÑÒß 5, 160, 263-264, 274-275, Ëåêñèêà 510, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 358-359, Stachowski 138 (there is also a variant *Ka:p- - due to merger with another root *Ka:p-, v. sub *k[a:]p`a/; the meaning 'cover' here is probably secondary). Turk. > Mong. qabqag| 'cover' (whence Evk. kapkak, see Doerfer MT 125), qabqa 'gate', see TMN 3, 371, 415, Hung. kapu 'gate', see Gombocz 1912. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"snow | face="Times New Roman Star"ñíåã | face="Times New Roman Star"qar (Orkh., Yenis., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qar (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar (Sangl., Qutb., Houts.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|r | face="Times New Roman Star"qar, qaa |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gar | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:r | face="Times New Roman Star"xar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jor | face="Times New Roman Star"xa:r | face="Times New Roman Star"ka:r | face="Times New Roman Star"xar | face="Times New Roman Star"xar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"qa:r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qar |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qar | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 284-285, EDT 641, VEWT 235, Åãîðîâ 350, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 490, Ëåêñèêà 27, Stachowski 142. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kara | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"black | face="Times New Roman Star"÷åðíûé | face="Times New Roman Star"qara (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qara (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara (MA, IM, Pav. C., AH, Áîð. Áàä.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|re| | face="Times New Roman Star"qara, dial. qare | face="Times New Roman Star"Gara | face="Times New Roman Star"Gara | face="Times New Roman Star"Gara | face="Times New Roman Star"xara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara | face="Times New Roman Star"xora | face="Times New Roman Star"xara | face="Times New Roman Star"kara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara | face="Times New Roman Star"Gara | face="Times New Roman Star"qara | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 235, TMN 3, 426-432, EDT 643-4, ÝÑÒß 5, 286-289, 299-100, Ëåêñèêà 592-593, Stachowski 138, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 362. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KArakan | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"acacia | face="Times New Roman Star"àêàöèÿ |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaraqan (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaraqan[a] (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|ro|g|o|n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"GaraGan 'ñîëÿíêà äðåâîâèäíàÿ' | face="Times New Roman Star"xarag|an | face="Times New Roman Star"qarag|an | face="Times New Roman Star"qarag|an | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraqan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xarag|an, Todzh. qarag|an |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qarag|an | face="Times New Roman Star"qarag|an |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qarag|an |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 657, ÝÑÒß 5, 293-294, TMN 1, 275. Turk. > Mong. qarag|ana, whence again into Turk. (Khak. xarg|ana etc., see ÝÑÒß ibid.). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KAr- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to overflow 2 moat, ditch | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïåðåëèâàòüñÿ ÷åðåç êðàé 2 êàíàâà | face="Times New Roman Star"qarym ? qaram (OUygh.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qar- (MK) 1, qarym (KB) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kar- (of water) 'to pile up behind an obstacle', dial. karym 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qar- (IM) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qa:rym (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qerim 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Garym 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Garym 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xaral | face="Times New Roman Star"qaranty 'thawed spot' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xara:lc?a 'ice-hole' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qarym 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 643, ÝÑÒß 5, 320. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Karak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 eye-ball 2 eye 3 a gentle address ("my dear") | face="Times New Roman Star"1 çðà÷îê 2 ãëàç 3 ëàñêîâîå îáðàùåíèå | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"z karasy 1, Osm. (XV) qaraq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq (Pav. C., Áîð. Áàä., Sangl.) 1, (Abush.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|re|c?iq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qar(i)c?uq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"z Garasy 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Garaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xarax 2, dial. xarac?y 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kos/ xori 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xarax 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"karak 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3, dial. qareq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3, qaras?yq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaras?yq 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3, qaras?yq 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 235-236, TMN 3, 434-436, EDT 652, ÝÑÒß 5, 295-296, Àøì. VII, 36, Ëåêñèêà 210, Stachowski 138. Deriving *Karak from *Kara 'black' (see also TMN 1, 401) is highly dubious both for semantic and morphological reasons; forms like Tur. go"z karasy result from secondary reanalysis. Cf. also the forms *Kara-la- 'to stare' (Az. qarala-, Uygh. qarala-, see ÝÑÒß 5, 289), *Karaj- 'to watch, preserve' (Yak. xaraj-, Dolg. karaj-; Yak. xarys 'care, wariness', Dolg. karysta:- 'to care, beware', see Stachowski 138, 140) - which, in contrast to qara- 'look' ( < Mong.) are unlikely to be borrowed. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)arba- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to grope (for smth.) 2 to grasp (with hands or teeth) 3 to swim (grope through water with hands and feet) 4 to rake up | face="Times New Roman Star"1 íàùóïûâàòü 2 õâàòàòü (ðóêàìè èëè çóáàìè) 3 ïëàâàòü (õâàòàòüñÿ çà âîäó ðóêàìè è íîãàìè) 4 ñãðåáàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qarva- (OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qarva- (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kavra- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qarba- (Qutb) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gabra- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xarba- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qarba- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qarba- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xarba:- 2,3,4 | face="Times New Roman Star"karba:- 'to row, swim' | face="Times New Roman Star"qarban- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 646, VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 302-303, Ìóäðàê 103 (with a wrong attribution of Tuva xyr-). Despite Kal/. MEJ 42, Stachowski 139, forms like Yak. xarba:- are hardly borrowed < Mong. qarma- (on which see under *k`ar/a). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KArga | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"crow | face="Times New Roman Star"âîðîíà | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"karg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a (Houts., AH, IM, Qutb., Pav. C.), qarqa (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rg|e| | face="Times New Roman Star"qa(r)g|a |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Garg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"GarGa | face="Times New Roman Star"xarg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qa:rg|an | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|an | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a, g|arg|a |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 237, TMN 3, 384, ÝÑÒß 5, 303-304, Ëåêñèêà 171. Turk. > Mong. qarg|a (Ùåðáàê 1997, 134). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.rga- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to swear, curse | face="Times New Roman Star"ðóãàòü, ïðîêëèíàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|an- (recipr.) (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-, qyrg|a- (MK, KB) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- (Qutb, Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rg|e|- | face="Times New Roman Star"qa(r)g|a- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"GarGa- | face="Times New Roman Star"xarg|a- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xúrrún (Adv.) 'angrily' | face="Times New Roman Star"kyra:- | face="Times New Roman Star"kyra:- | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 655, VEWT 237, ÝÑÒß 5, 304-305, Stachowski 169. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KArs | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of upper clothes | face="Times New Roman Star"âèä âåðõíåé îäåæäû |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qars (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qars (Pav. C.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bel-qe|rs, qol-qe|rs |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaris 'a k. of textile' (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qars |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 312. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 arm 2 forearm 3 shin-bone of animal 4 various measures of length | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðóêà (âåðõíÿÿ ÷àñòü) 2 ïðåäïëå÷üå 3 ãîëåííàÿ êîñòü æèâîòíîãî 4 ðàçëè÷íûå ìåðû äëèíû | face="Times New Roman Star"qar 1, qary 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"karu-z?|a 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qara 4 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qar 1 (Vam.), qary 1 (Abush.), 2 (Houts.), 4 (in all sources) | face="Times New Roman Star"qari 1,4, qara 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qeri 4, qaja 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qar 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"gari 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"Gary 3,4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"xor 2, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"xary, xara 2, 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyry 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyry 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qar 1, qary 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qar 2, qary 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"qar 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 4 |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"qar 2, qary 2, 4 |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"TMN 3, 461-2, ÝÑÒß 5, 278-283, Äûáî 160-164, Äûáî 1989, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 361, Ëåêñèêà 246-247. The usage of *Kary as a measure ('cubit') may seem natural, but in fact reflects a merger with a different root, see under *K(i)aryl/. Turk. > Hung. kar 'arm', see Ligeti 1933, MNyTESz 2, 369. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.ry | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 old 2 old woman or man 3 to become old | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòàðûé 2 ñòàðóõà, ñòàðèê 3 ñòàðåòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MK, KB) 1, qary- (MK, KB) 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"kary, kart 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MA, Abush.) 1, qary- (MA, Abush.) 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qari 1, qari- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qeri 1,2, qeri- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gary, Gart 2,1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Garry 1, Garra- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"kir@ 1, kir@- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyry- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyry- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1, qary- 3, qart 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary ? qe|ri, qart 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qart 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1,2 (also 'woman') |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qary, g|arry 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qart 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 644, TMN 3, 440, ÝÑÒß 5, 311-312, 314-316, Ëåêñèêà 84-85, Stachowski 169, 170. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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